Really mate, you need to get your story straight 
As stated by @SunPowerGuru, it is almost certainly the Mersenne Twister.
No. By definition, random precludes the possibility of predictable patterns.
Do you remember that I suggested that you read the “The Fairness Debate” thread in its entirety? Had you followed my advice, you would have come across this particular post:
And consequently would not need to ask this or any of your other questions. The linked post directly addresses the shuffling algorithm.
Obviously not otherwise the dealing could not possibly be claimed to be random and, much more importantly, independently certified as random (twice!).
I really don’t understand this question at all but I suspect that you are still talking about the shuffle and deal algorithm. Please see the post linked above.
Ah - very tricky! Asking the same question using different wording! See above, this question has been answered.
As I said, if you go and read the “The Fairness Debate” thread, you will find answers to questions that you haven’t even thought of.
Given the difficulty that you seem to have had in understanding SPGs very basic and clear post, you might find this article useful.
https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-normal-distribution.html
Hope this helps,
TA